CovidChloroV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000E42

Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.

Identifieur interne : 000E42 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000E41; suivant : 000E43

Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.

Auteurs : Stephen L. Sturley [États-Unis] ; Tamayanthi Rajakumar [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Natalie Hammond [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Katsumi Higaki [Japon] ; Zsuzsa Márka [États-Unis] ; Szabolcs Márka [États-Unis] ; Andrew B. Munkacsi [Nouvelle-Zélande]

Source :

Journal of lipid research [ 1539-7262 ] ; 2020.

RBID : pubmed:32457038

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Androstènes (usage thérapeutique), Anticholestérolémiants (usage thérapeutique), Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Betacoronavirus (métabolisme), Betacoronavirus (pathogénicité), Cholestérol (métabolisme), Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (génétique), Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (métabolisme), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Liaison aux protéines (MeSH), Lysosomes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Lysosomes (métabolisme), Lysosomes (virologie), Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C (anatomopathologie), Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C (génétique), Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C (métabolisme), Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C (traitement médicamenteux), Pandémies (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (génétique), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (métabolisme), Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (antagonistes et inhibiteurs), Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (génétique), Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (métabolisme), Repositionnement des médicaments (méthodes), Récepteurs viraux (antagonistes et inhibiteurs), Récepteurs viraux (génétique), Récepteurs viraux (métabolisme).
MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C.
- antagonistes et inhibiteurs : Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire, Récepteurs viraux.
- diagnostic : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Betacoronavirus, Lysosomes.
- génétique : Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire, Récepteurs viraux.
- métabolisme : Betacoronavirus, Cholestérol, Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus, Lysosomes, Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire, Récepteurs viraux.
- méthodes : Repositionnement des médicaments.
- pathogénicité : Betacoronavirus.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Maladie de Niemann-Pick de type C, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Androstènes, Anticholestérolémiants, Antiviraux, Hydroxychloroquine.
- virologie : Lysosomes.
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Humains, Liaison aux protéines, Pandémies.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Androstenes (therapeutic use), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (MeSH), Anticholesteremic Agents (therapeutic use), Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (drug effects), Betacoronavirus (metabolism), Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity), COVID-19 (MeSH), Cholesterol (metabolism), Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Drug Repositioning (methods), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (antagonists & inhibitors), Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (genetics), Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (metabolism), Lysosomes (drug effects), Lysosomes (metabolism), Lysosomes (virology), Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (drug therapy), Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (genetics), Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (metabolism), Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (pathology), Pandemics (MeSH), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (genetics), Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (metabolism), Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Protein Binding (MeSH), Receptors, Virus (antagonists & inhibitors), Receptors, Virus (genetics), Receptors, Virus (metabolism), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (genetics), Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (metabolism).
MESH :
- chemical , antagonists & inhibitors : Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Receptors, Virus.
- chemical , genetics : Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Receptors, Virus, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- chemical , metabolism : Cholesterol, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Receptors, Virus, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Androstenes, Anticholesteremic Agents, Antiviral Agents, Hydroxychloroquine.
- chemical : Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.
- diagnosis : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- drug effects : Betacoronavirus, Lysosomes.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C, Pneumonia, Viral.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- genetics : Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C.
- metabolism : Betacoronavirus, Lysosomes, Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C.
- methods : Drug Repositioning.
- pathogenicity : Betacoronavirus.
- pathology : Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C.
- virology : Lysosomes.
- COVID-19, Humans, Pandemics, Protein Binding, SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R120000851
PubMed: 32457038
PubMed Central: PMC7328045

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Main, to step Corpus: 001581
to stream Main, to step Curation: 001581

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sturley, Stephen L" sort="Sturley, Stephen L" uniqKey="Sturley S" first="Stephen L" last="Sturley">Stephen L. Sturley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027. Electronic address: mailto:sls37@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" sort="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" uniqKey="Rajakumar T" first="Tamayanthi" last="Rajakumar">Tamayanthi Rajakumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hammond, Natalie" sort="Hammond, Natalie" uniqKey="Hammond N" first="Natalie" last="Hammond">Natalie Hammond</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higaki, Katsumi" sort="Higaki, Katsumi" uniqKey="Higaki K" first="Katsumi" last="Higaki">Katsumi Higaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yonago 683-8503</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marka, Zsuzsa" sort="Marka, Zsuzsa" uniqKey="Marka Z" first="Zsuzsa" last="Márka">Zsuzsa Márka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marka, Szabolcs" sort="Marka, Szabolcs" uniqKey="Marka S" first="Szabolcs" last="Márka">Szabolcs Márka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munkacsi, Andrew B" sort="Munkacsi, Andrew B" uniqKey="Munkacsi A" first="Andrew B" last="Munkacsi">Andrew B. Munkacsi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:32457038</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32457038</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1194/jlr.R120000851</idno>
<idno type="pmc">PMC7328045</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001581</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001581</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001581</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001581</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001581</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sturley, Stephen L" sort="Sturley, Stephen L" uniqKey="Sturley S" first="Stephen L" last="Sturley">Stephen L. Sturley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027. Electronic address: mailto:sls37@columbia.edu.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" sort="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" uniqKey="Rajakumar T" first="Tamayanthi" last="Rajakumar">Tamayanthi Rajakumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hammond, Natalie" sort="Hammond, Natalie" uniqKey="Hammond N" first="Natalie" last="Hammond">Natalie Hammond</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higaki, Katsumi" sort="Higaki, Katsumi" uniqKey="Higaki K" first="Katsumi" last="Higaki">Katsumi Higaki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Yonago 683-8503</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marka, Zsuzsa" sort="Marka, Zsuzsa" uniqKey="Marka Z" first="Zsuzsa" last="Márka">Zsuzsa Márka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marka, Szabolcs" sort="Marka, Szabolcs" uniqKey="Marka S" first="Szabolcs" last="Márka">Szabolcs Márka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
<settlement type="city">New York</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munkacsi, Andrew B" sort="Munkacsi, Andrew B" uniqKey="Munkacsi A" first="Andrew B" last="Munkacsi">Andrew B. Munkacsi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington 6012</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of lipid research</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1539-7262</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Androstenes (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Anticholesteremic Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Antiviral Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (drug effects)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (metabolism)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cholesterol (metabolism)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Drug Repositioning (methods)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (antagonists & inhibitors)</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (drug effects)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (metabolism)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (virology)</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (genetics)</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (metabolism)</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C (pathology)</term>
<term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (genetics)</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (metabolism)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Protein Binding (MeSH)</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus (antagonists & inhibitors)</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus (genetics)</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus (metabolism)</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term>
<term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (genetics)</term>
<term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Androstènes (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Anticholestérolémiants (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Antiviraux (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Betacoronavirus (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Cholestérol (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (génétique)</term>
<term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Liaison aux protéines (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Lysosomes (virologie)</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C (génétique)</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (génétique)</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (diagnostic)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (antagonistes et inhibiteurs)</term>
<term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Repositionnement des médicaments (méthodes)</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux (antagonistes et inhibiteurs)</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux (génétique)</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux (métabolisme)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="antagonists & inhibitors" xml:lang="en"><term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus</term>
<term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Cholesterol</term>
<term>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term>
<term>Receptors, Virus</term>
<term>Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Androstenes</term>
<term>Anticholesteremic Agents</term>
<term>Antiviral Agents</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="antagonistes et inhibiteurs" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Lysosomes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Lysosomes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Viral</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term>
<term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Lysosomes</term>
<term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Drug Repositioning</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
<term>Cholestérol</term>
<term>Glycoprotéine de spicule des coronavirus</term>
<term>Lysosomes</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C</term>
<term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term>
<term>Protéines et peptides de signalisation intracellulaire</term>
<term>Récepteurs viraux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Repositionnement des médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Betacoronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Maladie de Niemann-Pick  de type C</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Androstènes</term>
<term>Anticholestérolémiants</term>
<term>Antiviraux</term>
<term>Hydroxychloroquine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Lysosomes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lysosomes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Pneumopathie virale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Pandemics</term>
<term>Protein Binding</term>
<term>SARS-CoV-2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Humains</term>
<term>Liaison aux protéines</term>
<term>Pandémies</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32457038</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2021</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1539-7262</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>61</Volume>
<Issue>7</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Journal of lipid research</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>J Lipid Res</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>972-982</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0022-2275(20)43576-X</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1194/jlr.R120000851</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has resulted in the death of more than 328,000 persons worldwide in the first 5 months of 2020. Herculean efforts to rapidly design and produce vaccines and other antiviral interventions are ongoing. However, newly evolving viral mutations, the prospect of only temporary immunity, and a long path to regulatory approval pose significant challenges and call for a common, readily available, and inexpensive treatment. Strategic drug repurposing combined with rapid testing of established molecular targets could provide a pause in disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 shares extensive structural and functional conservation with SARS-CoV-1, including engagement of the same host cell receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) localized in cholesterol-rich microdomains. These lipid-enveloped viruses encounter the endosomal/lysosomal host compartment in a critical step of infection and maturation. Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disease caused by deficient efflux of lipids from the late endosome/lysosome (LE/L). The NP-C disease-causing gene (NPC1) has been strongly associated with viral infection, both as a filovirus receptor (e.g., Ebola) and through LE/L lipid trafficking. This suggests that NPC1 inhibitors or NP-C disease mimetics could serve as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Fortunately, there are such clinically approved molecules that elicit antiviral activity in preclinical studies, without causing NP-C disease. Inhibition of NPC1 may impair viral SARS-CoV-2 infectivity via several lipid-dependent mechanisms, which disturb the microenvironment optimum for viral infectivity. We suggest that known mechanistic information on NPC1 could be utilized to identify existing and future drugs to treat COVID-19.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Sturley et al.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sturley</LastName>
<ForeName>Stephen L</ForeName>
<Initials>SL</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027. Electronic address: mailto:sls37@columbia.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rajakumar</LastName>
<ForeName>Tamayanthi</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hammond</LastName>
<ForeName>Natalie</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Higaki</LastName>
<ForeName>Katsumi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Functional Genomics, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Márka</LastName>
<ForeName>Zsuzsa</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Márka</LastName>
<ForeName>Szabolcs</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Munkacsi</LastName>
<ForeName>Andrew B</ForeName>
<Initials>AB</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 DK054320</GrantID>
<Acronym>DK</Acronym>
<Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>T32 HL007343</GrantID>
<Acronym>HL</Acronym>
<Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>R01 GM129465</GrantID>
<Acronym>GM</Acronym>
<Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>J Lipid Res</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>0376606</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0022-2275</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000736">Androstenes</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000924">Anticholesteremic Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000998">Antiviral Agents</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D047908">Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C106881">NPC1 protein, human</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011991">Receptors, Virus</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D064370">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>3039-71-2</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C006261">3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>97C5T2UQ7J</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D002784">Cholesterol</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.15.1</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007703">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.17.23</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C000705307">ACE2 protein, human</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.17.23</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000085962">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000736" MajorTopicYN="N">Androstenes</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000085962" MajorTopicYN="N">Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000924" MajorTopicYN="N">Anticholesteremic Agents</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000998" MajorTopicYN="N">Antiviral Agents</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="N">pathogenicity</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002784" MajorTopicYN="N">Cholesterol</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058492" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Repositioning</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D047908" MajorTopicYN="N">Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="N">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008247" MajorTopicYN="N">Lysosomes</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052556" MajorTopicYN="N">Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007703" MajorTopicYN="N">Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011485" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Binding</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011991" MajorTopicYN="N">Receptors, Virus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="N">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D064370" MajorTopicYN="N">Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Ebola</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Niemann-Pick disease</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">cholesterol</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">cholesterol trafficking</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">coronavirus disease 2019</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">drug repurposing</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">dyslipidemias</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">lysosomal storage disease</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">pandemic</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>5</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32457038</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">S0022-2275(20)43576-X</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1194/jlr.R120000851</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7328045</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Aug;39(2):142-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18314540</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 1;82(9):1234-49</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21878321</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Rep. 2015 Feb 3;10(4):600-15</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25640182</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4885-93</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24841273</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2004 Jun;78(11):5642-50</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15140961</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020 May;10(5):766-788</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32292689</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Jun 23;64(7):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32366720</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2017 Dec 14;92(1):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29046459</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2016 Nov 28;90(24):11181-11196</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27707921</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2014 May 1;24(9):2115-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24704028</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2011 Aug 24;477(7364):340-3</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21866103</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 22;218(suppl_5):S397-S402</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30010949</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Exp Cell Res. 1997 Aug 1;234(2):217-24</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9260888</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 8;286(27):23842-51</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21489983</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):221-236</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31987001</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1467-1478</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27238017</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Elife. 2015 Dec 08;4:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26646182</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2018;419:1-42</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28643204</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2015 Jul 22;6(3):68-71</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26668769</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2007 Aug;81(16):8722-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17522231</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2018 Apr 6;13(1):50</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29625568</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2016 Sep 15;12(9):e1005840</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27631986</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Res. 2020 Mar;30(3):269-271</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32020029</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antivir Chem Chemother. 2006;17(5):275-84</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17176632</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Lipid Res. 1996 Jul;37(7):1556-68</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8827526</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Eur Respir J. 2010 Sep;36(3):646-54</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20150207</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Aug 24;61(9):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28839081</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):458-464</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32298251</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1724-1731</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32226290</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2011 Aug 24;477(7364):344-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21866101</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell. 2009 Jun 26;137(7):1213-24</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19563754</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Jun 03;5:16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20525256</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>ACS Cent Sci. 2020 Mar 25;6(3):315-331</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32226821</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2020 Aug 19;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32817221</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2004 Oct;78(19):10543-55</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15367621</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Chin Med J (Engl). 2020 May 5;133(9):1051-1056</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32149769</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2015 Aug 06;7(8):4385-413</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26287230</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>FASEB J. 2020 May;34(5):6027-6037</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32350928</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2014 May 19;9(5):e97695</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24842154</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Autophagy. 2013 Feb 1;9(2):234-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23086309</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Elife. 2019 Dec 11;8:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31825310</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48561</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23144769</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cancer Lett. 2017 Nov 28;409:91-103</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28923401</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pathogens. 2020 Jan 18;9(1):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31963705</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell. 2016 Jan 14;164(1-2):258-268</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26771495</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Apr 6;:</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32250385</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Acta Virol. 1982 Jul;26(4):209-16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6127927</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 18;6:16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32194981</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Immunol. 2012 Sep;279(1):78-86</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23099154</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Front Microbiol. 2019 Feb 26;10:286</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30863375</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 19;10(1):4276</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31537798</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017 May;15(5):483-492</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28286997</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2020 Feb 22;12(2):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32098422</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antiviral Res. 2018 Sep;157:68-79</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29981375</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2015 Apr 03;7(4):1700-25</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25855243</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids. 2019 Aug;1864(8):1109-1123</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31002946</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Microb Cell. 2017 Aug 25;4(9):278-293</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28913343</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 25;267(33):23797-805</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1429719</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2000 Mar;74(5):2288-92</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10666259</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Vet Res. 2019 Jan 18;50(1):5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30658691</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>mBio. 2013 Aug 13;4(4):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23943763</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antiviral Res. 2018 Jan;149:75-77</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29155163</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Cell Sci. 2001 May;114(Pt 10):1893-900</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11329376</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7815):282-285</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32218527</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cancer Lett. 2018 Jan 1;412:1-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29024815</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):80-93</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30866762</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Mar 18;17(3):404</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26999125</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2003 Jul;84(Pt 7):1737-1741</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12810867</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 May;20(5):533-534</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32087114</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2016 Nov 30;11(11):e0167428</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27902765</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>FASEB J. 2020 Jun;34(6):7253-7264</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32367579</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Arch Virol. 2016 Jan;161(1):125-33</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26514843</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Apr;1793(4):726-36</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19111580</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;118(6):2281-90</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18483620</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Med Virol. 2020 Apr;92(4):418-423</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31967327</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virol J. 2005 Aug 22;2:69</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16115318</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 5;108(14):5620-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21436030</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Mol Endocrinol. 2016 Oct;57(3):185-99</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27538988</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antiviral Res. 2013 Aug;99(2):100-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23648708</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2019 Jan 14;11(1):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30646565</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Lipid Res. 2020 May;61(5):601-610</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31615838</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 18;382(25):2411-2418</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32379955</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>ACS Chem Biol. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):174-182</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28103683</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4875-84</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24841269</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Lipids. 2009 Jun;44(6):477-87</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19440746</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Feb 1;159(3):229-31</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14742282</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 2008 Nov 25;381(2):215-21</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18814896</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Microorganisms. 2020 Jan 08;8(1):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31936284</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Sci Transl Med. 2013 Jun 19;5(190):190ra79</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23785035</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Commun. 2020 Mar 27;11(1):1620</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32221306</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Antiviral Res. 2017 Sep;145:96-102</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28780424</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2008 Jul 23;3(7):e2758</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18648502</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Nov 15;21(22):4876-87</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22872701</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 3;114(1):89-94</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27994139</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>mBio. 2015 May 26;6(3):e00565-15</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26015498</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2009 Aug;83(16):7982-95</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19474101</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Viruses. 2014 Sep 26;6(9):3683-98</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25256397</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1964;29:137-49</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14278460</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 15;261(35):16769-74</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">3782141</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 May 28;382(22):2163-2164</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32283004</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Autophagy. 2018;14(8):1435-1455</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29940786</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 13;273(7):4266-74</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9461625</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32142651</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2001 Feb;75(4):1958-67</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11160695</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56265</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23441171</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Neurosci Lett. 2019 Apr 1;697:10-16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29704574</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 7;105(40):15287-92</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18772377</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7816):459-468</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32353859</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Aug;69(8):2123-31</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24710028</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 9;7(1):3145</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28600536</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 25;278(17):14850-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12591922</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Pathogens. 2019 Dec 16;8(4):</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31888266</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Clin Sci (Lond). 2013 Nov;125(9):439-48</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23659500</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Front Microbiol. 2014 Jun 17;5:296</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24987391</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virol J. 2012 Jan 24;9:31</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22273177</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li>
<li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>New York</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Columbia</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Sturley, Stephen L" sort="Sturley, Stephen L" uniqKey="Sturley S" first="Stephen L" last="Sturley">Stephen L. Sturley</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Marka, Szabolcs" sort="Marka, Szabolcs" uniqKey="Marka S" first="Szabolcs" last="Márka">Szabolcs Márka</name>
<name sortKey="Marka, Zsuzsa" sort="Marka, Zsuzsa" uniqKey="Marka Z" first="Zsuzsa" last="Márka">Zsuzsa Márka</name>
</country>
<country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" sort="Rajakumar, Tamayanthi" uniqKey="Rajakumar T" first="Tamayanthi" last="Rajakumar">Tamayanthi Rajakumar</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Hammond, Natalie" sort="Hammond, Natalie" uniqKey="Hammond N" first="Natalie" last="Hammond">Natalie Hammond</name>
<name sortKey="Munkacsi, Andrew B" sort="Munkacsi, Andrew B" uniqKey="Munkacsi A" first="Andrew B" last="Munkacsi">Andrew B. Munkacsi</name>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Higaki, Katsumi" sort="Higaki, Katsumi" uniqKey="Higaki K" first="Katsumi" last="Higaki">Katsumi Higaki</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidChloroV1/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E42 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000E42 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    CovidChloroV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:32457038
   |texte=   Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:32457038" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidChloroV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Sat May 22 17:02:32 2021. Site generation: Sat May 22 17:06:52 2021

	Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration COVID et hydrochloroquine

Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.

Potential COVID-19 therapeutics from a rare disease: weaponizing lipid dysregulation to combat viral infectivity.

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki